@article {1679,
	title = {The marmoset monkey as a model for visual neuroscience.},
	journal = {Neurosci Res},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Apr},
	pages = {20-46},
	abstract = {<p>The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been valuable as a primate model in biomedical research. Interest in this species has grown recently, in part due to the successful demonstration of transgenic marmosets. Here we examine the prospects of the marmoset model for visual neuroscience research, adopting a comparative framework to place the marmoset within a broader evolutionary context. The marmoset{\textquoteright}s small brain bears most of the organizational features of other primates, and its smooth surface offers practical advantages over the macaque for areal mapping, laminar electrode penetration, and two-photon and optical imaging. Behaviorally, marmosets are more limited at performing regimented psychophysical tasks, but do readily accept the head restraint that is necessary for accurate eye tracking and neurophysiology, and can perform simple discriminations. Their natural gaze behavior closely resembles that of other primates, with a tendency to focus on objects of social interest including faces. Their immaturity at birth and routine twinning also makes them ideal for the study of postnatal visual development. These experimental factors, together with the theoretical advantages inherent in comparing anatomy, physiology, and behavior across related species, make the marmoset an excellent model for visual neuroscience.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Biological Evolution, Brain, Callithrix, Color Perception, Color Vision, Exploratory Behavior, Macaca, Models, Animal, Social Behavior, Vision, Binocular, Vision, Ocular, Visual Perception},
	issn = {1872-8111},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neures.2015.01.008},
	author = {Mitchell, Jude F and Leopold, David A}
}
@article {184,
	title = {Effects of gestational length, gender, postnatal age, and birth order on visual contrast sensitivity in infants.},
	journal = {J Vis},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {19.1-21},
	abstract = {<p>To investigate effects of visual experience versus preprogrammed mechanisms on visual development, we used multiple regression analysis to determine the extent to which a variety of variables (that differ in the extent to which they are tied to visual experience) predict luminance and chromatic (red/green) contrast sensitivity (CS), which are mediated by the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) subcortical pathways, respectively. Our variables included gestational length (GL), birth weight (BW), gender, postnatal age (PNA), and birth order (BO). Two-month-olds (n = 60) and 6-month-olds (n = 122) were tested. Results revealed that (1) at 2 months, infants with longer GL have higher luminance CS; (2) at both ages, CS significantly increases over a approximately 21-day range of PNA, but this effect is stronger in 2- than 6-month-olds and stronger for chromatic than luminance CS; (3) at 2 months, boys have higher luminance CS than girls; and (4) at 2 months, firstborn infants have higher CS, while at 6 months, non-firstborn infants have higher CS. The results for PNA/GL are consistent with the possibility that P pathway development is more influenced by variables tied to visual experience (PNA), while M pathway development is more influenced by variables unrelated to visual experience (GL). Other variables, including prenatal environment, are also discussed.</p>
},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Birth Order, Color Perception, Contrast Sensitivity, Female, Gender Identity, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Light, Male, Regression Analysis},
	issn = {1534-7362},
	doi = {10.1167/9.10.19},
	author = {Dobkins, Karen R and Bosworth, Rain G and McCleery, Joseph P}
}
