@article {1686,
	title = {Spatial fine-mapping for gene-by-environment effects identifies risk hot spots for schizophrenia.},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 12 13},
	pages = {5296},
	abstract = {<p>Spatial mapping is a promising strategy to investigate the mechanisms underlying the incidence of psychosis. We analyzed a case-cohort study (n = 24,028), drawn from the 1.47 million Danish persons born between 1981 and 2005, using a novel framework for decomposing the geospatial risk for schizophrenia based on locale of upbringing and polygenic scores. Upbringing in a high environmental risk locale increases the risk for schizophrenia by 122\%. Individuals living in a high gene-by-environmental risk locale have a 78\% increased risk compared to those who have the same genetic liability but live in a low-risk locale. Effects of specific locales vary substantially within the most densely populated city of Denmark, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.26 to 9.26 for environment and from 0.20 to 5.95 for gene-by-environment. These findings indicate the critical synergism of gene and environment on the etiology of schizophrenia and demonstrate the potential of incorporating geolocation in genetic studies.</p>
},
	keywords = {Chromosome Mapping, Denmark, Environment, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Geography, Humans, Proof of Concept Study, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-07708-7},
	author = {Fan, Chun Chieh and McGrath, John J and Appadurai, Vivek and Buil, Alfonso and Gandal, Michael J and Schork, Andrew J and Mortensen, Preben Bo and Agerbo, Esben and Geschwind, Sandy A and Geschwind, Daniel and Werge, Thomas and Thompson, Wesley K and Pedersen, Carsten B{\o}cker}
}
@article {151,
	title = {The flexible genome.},
	journal = {Nat Rev Genet},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001 May},
	pages = {383-7},
	abstract = {<p>A principal assumption underlying contemporary genetic analysis is that the normal function of a gene can be inferred directly from its mutant phenotype. The interactivity among genes that is now being revealed calls this assumption into question and indicates that there might be considerable flexibility in the capacity of the genome to respond to diverse conditions. The reservoir for much of this flexibility resides in the nonspecificity and malleability of gene action.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Genes, Genome, Humans, Phenotype},
	issn = {1471-0056},
	doi = {10.1038/35072018},
	author = {Greenspan, R J}
}
