@article {145,
	title = {Molecular analysis of flies selected for aggressive behavior.},
	journal = {Nat Genet},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006 Sep},
	pages = {1023-31},
	abstract = {<p>Aggressive behavior is pervasive throughout the animal kingdom, and yet very little is known about its molecular underpinnings. To address this problem, we have developed a population-based selection procedure to increase aggression in Drosophila melanogaster. We measured changes in aggressive behavior in the selected subpopulations with a new two-male arena assay. In only ten generations of selection, the aggressive lines became markedly more aggressive than the neutral lines. After 21 generations, the fighting index increased more than 30-fold. Using microarray analysis, we identified genes with differing expression levels in the aggressive and neutral lines as candidates for this strong behavioral selection response. We tested a small set of these genes through mutant analysis and found that one significantly increased fighting frequency. These results suggest that selection for increases in aggression can be used to molecularly dissect this behavior.</p>
},
	keywords = {Aggression, Agonistic Behavior, Animals, Behavior, Animal, DNA Mutational Analysis, Drosophila melanogaster, Male, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, RNA, Selection, Genetic},
	issn = {1061-4036},
	doi = {10.1038/ng1864},
	author = {Dierick, Herman A and Greenspan, Ralph J}
}
@article {150,
	title = {Identification of genes involved in Drosophila melanogaster geotaxis, a complex behavioral trait.},
	journal = {Nat Genet},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002 Aug},
	pages = {349-53},
	abstract = {<p>Identifying the genes involved in polygenic traits has been difficult. In the 1950s and 1960s, laboratory selection experiments for extreme geotaxic behavior in fruit flies established for the first time that a complex behavioral trait has a genetic basis. But the specific genes responsible for the behavior have never been identified using this classical model. To identify the individual genes involved in geotaxic response, we used cDNA microarrays to identify candidate genes and assessed fly lines mutant in these genes for behavioral confirmation. We have thus determined the identities of several genes that contribute to the complex, polygenic behavior of geotaxis.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Behavior, Animal, DNA, Complementary, Drosophila melanogaster, Female, Genetics, Behavioral, Mutation, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis},
	issn = {1061-4036},
	doi = {10.1038/ng893},
	author = {Toma, Daniel P and White, Kevin P and Hirsch, Jerry and Greenspan, Ralph J}
}
