@article {2480,
	title = {Dopamine signaling regulates predator-driven changes in egg laying behavior.},
	journal = {Elife},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023 Jul 11},
	abstract = {<p>Prey respond to predators by altering their behavior to optimize their own fitness and survival. Specifically, prey are known to avoid predator-occupied territories to reduce their risk of harm or injury to themselves and their progeny. We probe the interactions between and its naturally cohabiting predator to reveal the pathways driving changes in prey behavior. While prefers to lay its eggs on a bacteria food lawn, the presence of a predator inside a lawn induces to lay more eggs away from that lawn. We confirm that this change in egg laying is in response to bites from predators, rather than to predatory secretions. Moreover, predator-exposed prey continue to lay their eggs away from the dense lawn even after the predator is removed, indicating a form of learning. Next, we find that mutants in dopamine synthesis significantly reduce egg laying behavior off the lawn in both predator-free and predator-inhabited lawns, which we can rescue by transgenic complementation or supplementation with exogenous dopamine. Moreover, we find that dopamine is likely released from multiple dopaminergic neurons and requires combinations of both D1- (DOP-1) and D2-like (DOP-2 and DOP-3) dopamine receptors to alter predator-induced egg laying behavior, whereas other combinations modify baseline levels of egg laying behavior. Together, we show that dopamine signaling can alter both predator-free and predator-induced foraging strategies, suggesting a role for this pathway in defensive behaviors.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, Dopamine, Eggs, Receptors, Dopamine, Signal Transduction},
	issn = {2050-084X},
	doi = {10.7554/eLife.83957},
	author = {Pribadi, Amy and Rieger, Michael A and Rosales, Kaila and Reddy, Kirthi C and Chalasani, Sreekanth H}
}
@article {139,
	title = {Neurotransmitter switching in the adult brain regulates behavior.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {340},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Apr 26},
	pages = {449-53},
	abstract = {<p>Neurotransmitters have been thought to be fixed throughout life, but whether sensory stimuli alter behaviorally relevant transmitter expression in the mature brain is unknown. We found that populations of interneurons in the adult rat hypothalamus switched between dopamine and somatostatin expression in response to exposure to short- and long-day photoperiods. Changes in postsynaptic dopamine receptor expression matched changes in presynaptic dopamine, whereas somatostatin receptor expression remained constant. Pharmacological blockade or ablation of these dopaminergic neurons led to anxious and depressed behavior, phenocopying performance after exposure to the long-day photoperiod. Induction of newly dopaminergic neurons through exposure to the short-day photoperiod rescued the behavioral consequences of lesions. Natural stimulation of other sensory modalities may cause changes in transmitter expression that regulate different behaviors.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Cell Count, Dopamine, Dopaminergic Neurons, Hypothalamus, Male, Maze Learning, Photoperiod, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptors, Dopamine, Receptors, Somatostatin, Seasons, Somatostatin, Stress, Psychological, Synaptic Transmission},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234152},
	author = {Dulcis, Davide and Jamshidi, Pouya and Leutgeb, Stefan and Spitzer, Nicholas C}
}
