@article {1673,
	title = {Distinct neural correlates of emotional and cognitive empathy in older adults.},
	journal = {Psychiatry Res},
	volume = {232},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Apr 30},
	pages = {42-50},
	abstract = {<p>Empathy is thought to be a mechanism underlying prosocial behavior across the lifespan, yet little is known about how levels of empathy relate to individual differences in brain functioning among older adults. In this exploratory study, we examined the neural correlates of affective and cognitive empathy in older adults. Thirty older adults (M=79 years) underwent fMRI scanning and neuropsychological testing and completed a test of affective and cognitive empathy. Brain response during processing of cognitive and emotional stimuli was measured by fMRI in a priori and task-related regions and was correlated with levels of empathy. Older adults with higher levels of affective empathy showed more deactivation in the amygdala and insula during a working memory task, whereas those with higher cognitive empathy showed greater insula activation during a response inhibition task. Our preliminary findings suggest that brain systems linked to emotional and social processing respond differently among older adults with more or less affective and cognitive empathy. That these relationships can be seen both during affective and non-emotional tasks of "cold" cognitive abilities suggests that empathy may impact social behavior through both emotional and cognitive mechanisms.</p>
},
	keywords = {Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Emotions, Empathy, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Social Behavior, Social Perception},
	issn = {1872-7123},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.016},
	author = {Moore, Raeanne C and Dev, Sheena I and Jeste, Dilip V and Dziobek, Isabel and Eyler, Lisa T}
}
@article {205,
	title = {Age-related changes in tissue signal properties within cortical areas important for word understanding in 12- to 19-month-old infants.},
	journal = {Cereb Cortex},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jul},
	pages = {1948-55},
	abstract = {<p>Recently, our laboratory has shown that the neural mechanisms for encoding lexico-semantic information in adults operate functionally by 12-18 months of age within left frontotemporal cortices (Travis et al., 2011. Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of word understanding in 12- to 18-month-old-infants. Cereb Cortex. 8:1832-1839). However, there is minimal knowledge of the structural changes that occur within these and other cortical regions important for language development. To identify regional structural changes taking place during this important period in infant development, we examined age-related changes in tissue signal properties of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) intensity and contrast. T1-weighted surface-based measures were acquired from 12- to 19-month-old infants and analyzed using a general linear model. Significant age effects were observed for GM and WM intensity and contrast within bilateral inferior lateral and anterovental temporal regions, dorsomedial frontal, and superior parietal cortices. Region of interest (ROI) analyses revealed that GM and WM intensity and contrast significantly increased with age within the same left lateral temporal regions shown to generate lexico-semantic activity in infants and adults. These findings suggest that neurophysiological processes supporting linguistic and cognitive behaviors may develop before cellular and structural maturation is complete within associative cortices. These results have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms relating structural to functional brain development.</p>
},
	keywords = {Aging, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Comprehension, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Infant, Language Development, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Vocabulary},
	issn = {1460-2199},
	doi = {10.1093/cercor/bht052},
	author = {Travis, Katherine E and Curran, Megan M and Torres, Christina and Leonard, Matthew K and Brown, Timothy T and Dale, Anders M and Elman, Jeffrey L and Halgren, Eric}
}
