@article {2289, title = {Lessons from the Stories of Women in Neuroscience.}, journal = {J Neurosci}, volume = {42}, year = {2022}, month = {2022 Jun 15}, pages = {4769-4773}, abstract = {

Women have been contributing to the field of neuroscience since its inception, but their accomplishments are often overlooked. Lack of recognition, among other issues, has led to progressively fewer women at each academic stage; although half of neuroscience graduate students are women, women comprise less than one-third of neuroscience faculty, and even fewer full professors. Those who reach this level continue to struggle to get their work recognized. Women from historically excluded backgrounds are even more starkly underrepresented and face added challenges related to racial, ethnic, and other biases. To increase the visibility of women in neuroscience, promote their voices, and learn about their career journeys, we created Stories of Women in Neuroscience (Stories of WiN). Stories of WiN shares the scientific and personal stories of women neuroscientists with diverse backgrounds, identities, research interests, and at various career stages. From \>70 women highlighted thus far, a major theme has emerged: there is not a single archetype of a woman neuroscientist, nor a single path to "success." Yet, through these diverse experiences run common threads, such as the importance of positive early research experiences, managing imposter syndrome, the necessity of work-life balance, and the challenges of fitting into-or resisting-the "scientist mold" within a patriarchal, racialized academic system. These commonalities reveal important considerations for supporting women neuroscientists. Through the lens of women highlighted by Stories of WiN, we explore the similarities among their journeys and detail specific actionable items to help encourage, support, and sustain women in neuroscience.

}, keywords = {Anxiety Disorders, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Neurosciences, Racial Groups, Self Concept}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0536-22.2022}, author = {Sibener, Leslie J and Kirchgessner, Megan A and Steiner, Sheila and Santiago, Chiaki and Cassataro, Daniela and Rossa, Marley and Profaci, Caterina P and Padilla-Coreano, Nancy} } @article {198, title = {Active vision in marmosets: a model system for visual neuroscience.}, journal = {J Neurosci}, volume = {34}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jan 22}, pages = {1183-94}, abstract = {

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small-bodied New World primate, offers several advantages to complement vision research in larger primates. Studies in the anesthetized marmoset have detailed the anatomy and physiology of their visual system (Rosa et al., 2009) while studies of auditory and vocal processing have established their utility for awake and behaving neurophysiological investigations (Lu et al., 2001a,b; Eliades and Wang, 2008a,b; Osmanski and Wang, 2011; Remington et al., 2012). However, a critical unknown is whether marmosets can perform visual tasks under head restraint. This has been essential for studies in macaques, enabling both accurate eye tracking and head stabilization for neurophysiology. In one set of experiments we compared the free viewing behavior of head-fixed marmosets to that of macaques, and found that their saccadic behavior is comparable across a number of saccade metrics and that saccades target similar regions of interest including faces. In a second set of experiments we applied behavioral conditioning techniques to determine whether the marmoset could control fixation for liquid reward. Two marmosets could fixate a central point and ignore peripheral flashing stimuli, as needed for receptive field mapping. Both marmosets also performed an orientation discrimination task, exhibiting a saturating psychometric function with reliable performance and shorter reaction times for easier discriminations. These data suggest that the marmoset is a viable model for studies of active vision and its underlying neural mechanisms.

}, keywords = {Animals, Callithrix, Conditioning, Operant, Models, Animal, Neurophysiology, Neurosciences, Saccades, Vision, Ocular, Visual Perception}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3899-13.2014}, author = {Mitchell, Jude F and Reynolds, John H and Miller, Cory T} } @article {161, title = {Neurogenetics.}, journal = {Curr Opin Neurobiol}, volume = {23}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Feb}, pages = {1-2}, keywords = {Animals, Behavior, Genetics, Humans, Neurosciences}, issn = {1873-6882}, doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.001}, author = {Greenspan, Ralph and Petit, Christine} } @article {162, title = {Biological indeterminacy.}, journal = {Sci Eng Ethics}, volume = {18}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Sep}, pages = {447-52}, abstract = {

Reductionist explanations in biology generally assume that biological mechanisms are highly deterministic and basically similar between individuals. A contrasting view has emerged recently that takes into account the degeneracy of biological processes--the ability to arrive at a given endpoint by a variety of available paths, even within the same individual. This perspective casts significant doubt on the prospects for the ability to predict behavior accurately based on brain imaging or genotyping, and on the ability of neuroscience to stipulate ethics.

}, keywords = {Brain, Genotype, Humans, Models, Biological, Morals, Neuroimaging, Neurosciences, Psychophysiology, Social Behavior}, issn = {1471-5546}, doi = {10.1007/s11948-012-9379-2}, author = {Greenspan, Ralph J} }