@article {136,
	title = {Activity-dependent expression of Lmx1b regulates specification of serotonergic neurons modulating swimming behavior.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Jul 29},
	pages = {321-34},
	abstract = {<p>Genetic programs, environmental factors, and electrical activity interact to drive the maturation of the brain. Although the cascade of transcription factors that leads to specification of the serotonergic phenotype has been well characterized, its interactions with electrical activity are not known. Here we show that spontaneous calcium spike activity in the hindbrain of developing Xenopus laevis larvae modulates the specification of serotonergic neurons via regulation of expression of the Lmx1b transcription factor. Activity acts downstream of Nkx2.2 but upstream of Lmx1b, leading to regulation of the serotonergic phenotype. Using global manipulation of activity and targeted alteration of Lmx1b expression, we also demonstrate that changes in the number of serotonergic neurons change larval swimming behavior. The results link activity-dependent regulation of a transcription factor to transmitter specification and altered behavior.</p>
},
	keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Bromodeoxyuridine, Calcium, Electroporation, Embryo, Nonmammalian, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Homeodomain Proteins, Membrane Potentials, Neurons, Otx Transcription Factors, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, Raphe Nuclei, RNA, Messenger, Serotonin, Sodium Channels, Statistics, Nonparametric, Swimming, Transcription Factors, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Xenopus laevis, Xenopus Proteins},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.006},
	author = {Demarque, Micha{\"e}l and Spitzer, Nicholas C}
}
@article {193,
	title = {Targeting single neuronal networks for gene expression and cell labeling in vivo.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Aug 26},
	pages = {562-74},
	abstract = {<p>To understand fine-scale structure and function of single mammalian neuronal networks, we developed and validated a strategy to genetically target and trace monosynaptic inputs to a single neuron in vitro and in vivo. The strategy independently targets a neuron and its presynaptic network for specific gene expression and fine-scale labeling, using single-cell electroporation of DNA to target infection and monosynaptic retrograde spread of a genetically modifiable rabies virus. The technique is highly reliable, with transsynaptic labeling occurring in every electroporated neuron infected by the virus. Targeting single neocortical neuronal networks in vivo, we found clusters of both spiny and aspiny neurons surrounding the electroporated neuron in each case, in addition to intricately labeled distal cortical and subcortical inputs. This technique, broadly applicable for probing and manipulating single neuronal networks with single-cell resolution in vivo, may help shed new light on fundamental mechanisms underlying circuit development and information processing by neuronal networks throughout the brain.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Electroporation, Gene Expression, Genetic Vectors, Histological Techniques, In Vitro Techniques, Mice, Neocortex, Neural Pathways, Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques, Neuronal Tract-Tracers, Neurons, Presynaptic Terminals, Pyramidal Cells, Rabies virus, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Visual Cortex},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.001},
	author = {Marshel, James H and Mori, Takuma and Nielsen, Kristina J and Callaway, Edward M}
}
